📘 Period 1 – Introduction to Sentences & Affirmative Sentences

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🎯 Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define what a sentence is and understand its importance.

2. Identify different types of sentences.

3. Recognize affirmative sentences and create their own.

4. Practice constructing sentences orally and in writing.

5. Differentiate affirmative sentences from other sentence types.

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📖 Introduction: What is a Sentence? (10 minutes)

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. It communicates ideas, facts, or feelings in writing or speech. Every sentence must have a subject (who or what the sentence is about) and a predicate/verb (what the subject does or is).

Importance of Sentences:

• Sentences are the building blocks of communication.

• Proper sentence formation helps in writing essays, letters, and answering exam questions.

• Speaking in complete sentences improves clarity and confidence.

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🔎 Types of Sentences (Overview) (10 minutes)

English sentences can be classified by function and structure.

1. By Function:

1. Affirmative Sentence – States something is true.

   • Example: She is a student.

2. Negative Sentence – Denies something.

   • Example: She is not a student.

3. Interrogative Sentence – Asks a question.

   • Example: Is she a student?

4. Imperative Sentence – Gives a command, request, or advice.

   • Example: Please open the door.

5. Exclamatory Sentence – Expresses strong feeling or surprise.

   • Example: What a beautiful day!

2. By Structure:

1. Simple Sentence – Contains one independent clause.

   • Example: I like mangoes.

2. Compound Sentence – Two independent clauses joined by a conjunction.

   • Example: I like mangoes, and I also like apples.

3. Complex Sentence – One independent clause + at least one dependent clause.

   • Example: I stayed home because it was raining.

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🗣 Speaking Practice – Mini Activity (5 minutes)

• Ask students: “What did you do yesterday?”

• Encourage full sentence answers.

• Examples from students:

  • “I went to school.”

  • “I ate lunch with my family.”

• Correct errors and highlight affirmative sentence structure: Subject + Verb + Object/Complement

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✅ Focus on Affirmative Sentences (15 minutes)

Definition:
An affirmative sentence is a positive statement that declares a fact, opinion, or idea.

Structure:

Examples of Affirmative Sentences (30 examples)

Daily Life / Simple Sentences (1–10)

1. I am a student.

2. She likes apples.

3. He goes to school every day.

4. We are happy.

5. They play football.

6. The sun rises in the east.

7. My brother reads books.

8. The teacher teaches English.

9. The birds are singing.

10. I have a bicycle.

Using Be Verbs (11–15)
11. She is my friend.
12. They are at the park.
13. I am ready for the exam.
14. He is a good boy.
15. We are classmates.

Using Action Verbs (16–20)
16. The children are playing in the garden.
17. I eat rice every day.
18. My father drives a car.
19. She writes letters to her friends.
20. The dog barks loudly.

Using Modifiers / Adjectives (21–25)
21. The sky is clear and blue.
22. This is a beautiful painting.
23. He is a tall and strong boy.
24. The exam is very easy.
25. My mother cooks delicious food.

Using Phrases / Clauses (26–30)
26. I like the book you gave me.
27. The boy who runs fast wins the race.
28. We are visiting the museum tomorrow.
29. She enjoys reading novels in the evening.
30. They celebrate every festival with joy.

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📝 Class Activities (15 minutes)

Task 1 – Identification

Identify which sentences are affirmative:

• She does not like ice cream.

• They play cricket every day.

• Close the door.

• I am happy today.

• Is he coming?
  (Answer: 2 and 4)

Task 2 – Transformation

Convert words into affirmative sentences:

1. (we / study / English) → We study English.

2. (my father / work / bank) → My father works in a bank.

3. (she / like / chocolate) → She likes chocolate.

4. (birds / sing / morning) → Birds sing in the morning.

5. (I / have / two sisters) → I have two sisters.

Task 3 – Pair Work – Speaking Practice

• Students ask and answer questions in affirmative sentences:

  • “What do you do every morning?”

  • “Where do you go after school?”

Task 4 – Group Writing

• Write a 5–6 sentence paragraph about:

  • “My Best Friend”

  • “My School”

• All sentences must be affirmative.

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📚 Board Work for Teacher

1. Write definition of a sentence.

2. Show types of sentences (function and structure).

3. Highlight affirmative sentences with structure.

4. Give 10 examples and correct errors from student oral answers.

5. Show non-examples for clarity: negative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory.

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📘 Homework

1. Write 10 affirmative sentences about:

   • Your family

   • Your daily routine

   • Your school

2. Collect 5 affirmative sentences from newspapers or storybooks. Identify the subject, verb, and object.

3. Practice speaking the sentences aloud with a partner.

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✅ Recap (5 minutes)

• Sentences are the building blocks of English.

• Types of sentences: affirmative, negative, interrogative, imperative, exclamatory.

• Structure of affirmative sentences: Subject + Verb + Object/Complement.

• Daily speaking and writing practice reinforces understanding.

 

📘 Period 2 – Negative Sentences

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🎯 Learning Objectives

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

1. Define and recognize negative sentences.

2. Understand how negatives are formed using not, never, no, nothing, nobody, none.

3. Transform affirmative sentences into negative sentences.

4. Practice speaking and writing negative sentences correctly.

5. Avoid common mistakes in negative sentence construction.

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📖 Introduction: What are Negative Sentences? (10 minutes)

A negative sentence expresses denial, refusal, or the absence of something. It is the opposite of an affirmative sentence.

Formula:

or with be verbs:

Examples:

• I am not a teacher.

• She does not like tea.

• They never go to the market on Friday.

Importance in Communication:

• Negatives are used to reject, deny facts, express disagreements, or clarify misunderstandings.

• Example in real life:

  • “Do you like mangoes?” → “No, I do not like mangoes.”

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🔎 Formation of Negative Sentences (10 minutes)

1. With “be” verbs (is, am, are, was, were):

   • She is a student. → She is not a student.

2. With auxiliary verbs (do, does, did):

   • They play football. → They do not play football.

   • He goes to school. → He does not go to school.

   • I liked the film. → I did not like the film.

3. With modal verbs (can, should, will, must, may):

   • She can swim. → She cannot swim.

   • You should eat. → You should not eat.

4. Using negative words:

   • Nobody, nothing, never, neither, nowhere, none.

   • Example: “Nobody was at home.”

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🗣 Speaking Practice – Mini Activity (5 minutes)

• Teacher asks yes/no questions.

• Students must respond with negative sentences:

  • T: “Do you play cricket every day?”

  • S: “No, I do not play cricket every day.”

  • T: “Is she your sister?”

  • S: “No, she is not my sister.”

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✅ Examples of Negative Sentences (30 examples)

Daily Life (1–10)

1. I do not eat meat.

2. She is not my friend.

3. They do not live in Dhaka.

4. He does not like tea.

5. I am not hungry.

6. My mother is not at home.

7. The train did not arrive on time.

8. We do not watch TV at night.

9. The teacher is not in the classroom.

10. It is not raining now.

With Modals (11–20)

11. I cannot swim.

12. You should not be late.

13. They will not attend the party.

14. She must not lie.

15. He cannot drive a car.

16. Students should not waste time.

17. We will not go tomorrow.

18. I may not join the trip.

19. The boy could not solve the problem.

20. She would not tell a lie.

Using Negative Words (21–30)

21. Nobody was there.

22. Nothing is impossible.

23. We never cheat in exams.

24. She has no money.

25. None of them passed the test.

26. He goes nowhere on Fridays.

27. The shop sells neither rice nor oil.

28. There is nothing in the box.

29. Nobody answered the phone.

30. He never eats fast food.

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📝 Class Activities (15 minutes)

Task 1 – Identification

Which sentences are negative?

• She is a doctor.

• She is not a doctor.

• He does not like football.

• They play cricket every day.
  (Answer: 2 and 3)

Task 2 – Transformation

Turn the following into negative sentences:

1. She is a singer. → She is not a singer.

2. They like ice cream. → They do not like ice cream.

3. I went to the park. → I did not go to the park.

4. He can drive a car. → He cannot drive a car.

5. We will join the program. → We will not join the program.

Task 3 – Pair Speaking Practice

• Student A: “I like watching TV.”

• Student B: “I do not like watching TV.”
  (Continue with different hobbies, foods, activities.)

Task 4 – Group Writing

• Write a short paragraph (5–6 sentences) on “Things I do not like” using negative sentences.

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📚 Board Work for Teacher

1. Definition of negative sentence.

2. Structure with be verbs, do/does/did, modals.

3. 5 examples each.

4. Error correction: common mistakes (like “He don’t” → He doesn’t).

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📘 Homework

1. Write 10 negative sentences about your daily routine.

2. Rewrite these affirmative sentences into negative:

   • They are happy.

   • She likes coffee.

   • He went to school.

   • We play cricket.

   • I can swim.

3. Prepare to speak 5 negative sentences in the next class.

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✅ Recap (5 minutes)

• Negative sentences express denial or refusal.

• Use not/never/nobody/nothing to make negative forms.

• Practice speaking and writing negative sentences daily.